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Maria Moninckx
Maria Moninckx (22 April 1673 (baptised) - 26 February 1757 (buried)) was a Dutch botanical artist and painter, best known for the colour plates she and her father, Jan Moninckx, created and which make up the nine-volume ''Moninckx Atlas''. This was published in the period 1686-1709 and depicted 420 plants from the ''Hortus Medicus'' of Amsterdam. She was born in The Hague and died in Amsterdam.
==''Hortus Medicus''==
In 1682 Joan Huydecoper II and Jan Commelin took the initiative in establishing a new ''Hortus Medicus'' in Amsterdam. It differed from the herb garden at the Binnengasthuis insofar as it also grew ornamental plants and would function as a ''Hortus Botanicus''. Huydecoper was mayor of Amsterdam and had great influence with the Dutch East India Company, while Commelin was a merchant in herbs and pharmaceuticals. Both men were well known as enthusiastic and knowledgeable gardeners. Because of their contacts in the business world and their practical horticultural experience, they received a constant stream of plants, seeds, bulbs and cuttings to be cultivated far from their original habitat.
This led to the creation of one of the richest plant collections in Europe. Plants of commercial value, also potherbs, edible crop plants and medicinal plants, were propagated in the garden for planting elsewhere. An example of this was the coffee plant, which oddly, was not illustrated in the ''Moninckx Atlas'', but became the backbone of the Brazilian coffee industry. In addition many ornamental plants, especially strange and exotic plants, were cultivated. These plants were grown for pure interest, curiosity value and often for further research.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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